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Hans-Rudolf Rösing (28 September 1905 – 16 December 2004) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and later served in the Bundesmarine of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ((ドイツ語:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes)). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. ==Early life and pre-war service== Rösing was born on 28 September 1905 in Wilhelmshaven, at the time an exclave of the Province of Hanover, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the son of ''Vizeadmiral'' Bernhard Rösing (1869–1947) and his wife Elfriede, née Wünsche (1882–1961). He had three brothers, Wilhelm, Kurt-Wolf and Bernhard, all killed during World War II, and a sister named Elfriede. He joined the ''Reichsmarine'' on 31 March 1924 as a member of "Crew 1924" (the incoming class of 1924). He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (4 April 1924 – 27 September 1928).〔2nd department —II. ''Abteilung''〕〔standing ship division —''Schiffsstammdivision''〕 Rösing was then transferred to the (28 September 1924 – 31 March 1925), attaining the rank of ''Seekadett'' (midshipman) on 1 April 1925. Rösing was then transferred to the training ship ''Niobe'' (1 April 1925 – 11 July 1925) before continuing his training on board (12 July 1925 – 30 March 1926). He then underwent a number of cadet training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik (31 March 1926 – 23 March 1927). These were interrupted by two navigational training cruises on the tender ''Nordsee'' (23 July 1926 – 27 July 1926) and the gunboat (18 October 1926 – 22 October 1926). During this training period he advanced in rank to ''Fähnrich zur See'' (officer cadet) on 1 April 1926.〔Busch & Röll 2003, p. 55.〕 Rösing then attended more training courses, including a torpedo course (24 March 1927 – 28 May 1927), a communication course (29 May 1927 – 3 July 1927), both held at Flensburg-Mürwik. He then attended a pathfinder course (4 July 1927 – 31 July 1927) at Kiel-Wik.〔pathfinder—Sperrbrecher〕 He then attended another naval infantry training course (1 August 1927 – 26 September 1927) with the 2nd department of the standing ship division in Strasund before taking a naval artillery course (27 September 1927 – 8 January 1928) at Kiel-Wik. Following these land based trainings he was stationed on for 13 months (9 January 1928 – 10 March 1929). While stationed on ''Nymphe'' he was commissioned as officer and attained the rank ''Leutnant zur See'' (Second Lieutenant) on 1 October 1928. He then participated in the training course (11 March 1929 – 27 March 1929) for naval anti-aircraft artillery at Wilhelmshaven before again boarding ''Nymphe'' for three weeks (28 March 1929 – 16 April 1929).〔 Rösing was then stationed on (17 April 1929 – 31 October 1929) before he was appointed company officer with the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea on 1 November 1929. During this assignment he was promoted to ''Oberleutnant zur See'' (First Lieutenant) on 1 April 1930.〔 Germany was forbidden to operate submarines under the Treaty of Versailles and Rösing was one of a small number of chosen personnel who were detached to foreign navies to gain experience in submarines. On 6 February 1931 he was officially assigned to the special task force of the naval command and put on an exchange program with the Swedish Navy.〔special task force of the naval command—ドイツ語:''Sonderkommando der Marineleitung''〕 After this special assignment on 10 July 1931 he was transferred back to the 2nd department of the standing ship division (11 July 1931 – 21 September 1931). During this posting he also spent one month on board the sailing yacht ''Asta'' (1 August 1931 – 30 August 1931).〔 His next assignment (22 September 1931 – 22 December 1931) placed him on the Admiral's staff at the Baltic Naval Station,〔Baltic Naval Station—ドイツ語:''Marinestation der Ostsee''〕 while in parallel he attended a technical officers training course at the Naval Academy at Mürwik. Rösing was then transferred to the 1st Schnellboot-Demi-Flotilla (23 December 1931 – 1 October 1933) where he commanded his first boat, Schnellboot ''S-15''.〔1st Schnellboot-Demi-Flotilla—ドイツ語:''1. Schnellbootshalbflottille''〕 During this command he attended two more training courses, anti-gas defence (4 February 1932 – 17 February 1932) and a Spanish language interpreter training vacation (5 May 1932 – 15 June 1932). He passed his Spanish interpreter test on 26 October 1932. From 4 November 1932 the end of his assignment with the 1st Schnellboot-Demi-Flotilla on 1 October 1933 he commanded ''S-3''.〔Busch & Röll 2003, p. 56.〕 After spending two years at the ''Unterseebootsabwehrschule'', Rösing, recently promoted ''Kapitänleutnant'', was given his first submarine command when he commissioned the new . After two years in this small Type IIB coastal submarine, he took command of , a larger Type VIIA ocean-going boat. In 1937 Rösing was given command of another Type IIB, , and assigned to the ''Torpedoerprobungskommando'', responsible for the testing of new torpedo types. After a year in this post he was appointed commander of 5th U-boat Flotilla - Flotille Emsmann - at Kiel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hans-Rudolf Rösing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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